Schemes
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Reading for rhetorical figures: Schemes
Schemes of balance: Parallelism: the presentation of two or more ideas of equal importance using a similar grammatical structure. Isocolon: grammatically parallel presentation of two ideas of equal length Antithesis: contrasting words or phrases placed side by side in parallel structure Chiasmus: Grammatical structure repeated in inverted order in second half of a sentence, where the first half has two parts Schemes of emphasis: Zeugma (as ellipses): using a single noun or verb with several verbs or nouns Asyndeton: succession of phrases or clauses without connective conjunctions Polysyndeton: succession of phrases or clauses connected with conjunctions Anastrophe: inverted word order. “Let’s speak of all things literary” Schemes of repetition and restatement: Anaphora: First word of successive clauses or sentences repeated Epistrophe: Last word of successive clauses or sentences repeated Symploche: First and last words of a clause or sentence repeated Anadiplosis: word that ends clause/sentence begins next Conduplicatio: beginning a clause/sentence with key word from previous Antimetabole: Two terms of the first half of a sentence are repeated in the last half in inverted order: AB:BA Parentheses: Word, phrase, or clause inserted as an aside in the middle of a sentence Ploche: repetition of same word with different senses Polyptoton: repetition of different forms of same word: “Your inventory is made up of all the things you have already invented” Climax: presentation of ideas in increasing order of importance Schemes of transition: Metabasis: transitionary summary that recaps what came before and hints at what is to come Procatalepsis: heading off objections in advance Analepsis: flashback Metalepsis: attributing present effect to a distant cause (“the butterfly effect”) Reading for rhetorical figures of thought (speech act) Aporia: an anomaly Apostrophe: addressing a person or object not present Erotema: rhetorical question Hypophora: asking and answering questions Interpellatio: calling or hailing the audience to take up a specific role in relation to the speaker Licentia: speaking truth to power Obsecractio: the pleading request Partitio: separating out members of the audience Subiectio: a mock dialogue |
